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213 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
213 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
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# co
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[![Gitter][gitter-image]][gitter-url]
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[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url]
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[![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
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[![Test coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
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[![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
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Generator based control flow goodness for nodejs and the browser,
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using promises, letting you write non-blocking code in a nice-ish way.
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## Co v4
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`co@4.0.0` has been released, which now relies on promises.
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It is a stepping stone towards [ES7 async/await](https://github.com/lukehoban/ecmascript-asyncawait).
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The primary API change is how `co()` is invoked.
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Before, `co` returned a "thunk", which you then called with a callback and optional arguments.
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Now, `co()` returns a promise.
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```js
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co(function* () {
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var result = yield Promise.resolve(true);
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return result;
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}).then(function (value) {
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console.log(value);
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}, function (err) {
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console.error(err.stack);
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});
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```
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If you want to convert a `co`-generator-function into a regular function that returns a promise,
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you now use `co.wrap(fn*)`.
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```js
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var fn = co.wrap(function* (val) {
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return yield Promise.resolve(val);
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});
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fn(true).then(function (val) {
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});
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```
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## Platform Compatibility
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`co@4+` requires a `Promise` implementation.
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For versions of node `< 0.11` and for many older browsers,
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you should/must include your own `Promise` polyfill.
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When using node 0.11.x or greater, you must use the `--harmony-generators`
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flag or just `--harmony` to get access to generators.
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When using node 0.10.x and lower or browsers without generator support,
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you must use [gnode](https://github.com/TooTallNate/gnode) and/or [regenerator](http://facebook.github.io/regenerator/).
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io.js is supported out of the box, you can use `co` without flags or polyfills.
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## Installation
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```
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$ npm install co
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```
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## Associated libraries
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Any library that returns promises work well with `co`.
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- [mz](https://github.com/normalize/mz) - wrap all of node's code libraries as promises.
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View the [wiki](https://github.com/visionmedia/co/wiki) for more libraries.
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## Examples
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```js
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var co = require('co');
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co(function *(){
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// yield any promise
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var result = yield Promise.resolve(true);
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}).catch(onerror);
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co(function *(){
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// resolve multiple promises in parallel
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var a = Promise.resolve(1);
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var b = Promise.resolve(2);
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var c = Promise.resolve(3);
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var res = yield [a, b, c];
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console.log(res);
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// => [1, 2, 3]
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}).catch(onerror);
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// errors can be try/catched
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co(function *(){
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try {
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yield Promise.reject(new Error('boom'));
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} catch (err) {
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console.error(err.message); // "boom"
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}
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}).catch(onerror);
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function onerror(err) {
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// log any uncaught errors
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// co will not throw any errors you do not handle!!!
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// HANDLE ALL YOUR ERRORS!!!
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console.error(err.stack);
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}
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```
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## Yieldables
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The `yieldable` objects currently supported are:
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- promises
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- thunks (functions)
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- array (parallel execution)
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- objects (parallel execution)
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- generators (delegation)
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- generator functions (delegation)
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Nested `yieldable` objects are supported, meaning you can nest
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promises within objects within arrays, and so on!
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### Promises
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[Read more on promises!](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise)
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### Thunks
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Thunks are functions that only have a single argument, a callback.
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Thunk support only remains for backwards compatibility and may
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be removed in future versions of `co`.
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### Arrays
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`yield`ing an array will resolve all the `yieldables` in parallel.
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```js
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co(function* () {
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var res = yield [
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Promise.resolve(1),
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Promise.resolve(2),
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Promise.resolve(3),
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];
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console.log(res); // => [1, 2, 3]
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}).catch(onerror);
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```
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### Objects
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Just like arrays, objects resolve all `yieldable`s in parallel.
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```js
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co(function* () {
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var res = yield {
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1: Promise.resolve(1),
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2: Promise.resolve(2),
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};
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console.log(res); // => { 1: 1, 2: 2 }
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}).catch(onerror);
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```
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### Generators and Generator Functions
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Any generator or generator function you can pass into `co`
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can be yielded as well. This should generally be avoided
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as we should be moving towards spec-compliant `Promise`s instead.
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## API
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### co(fn*).then( val => )
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Returns a promise that resolves a generator, generator function,
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or any function that returns a generator.
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```js
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co(function* () {
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return yield Promise.resolve(true);
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}).then(function (val) {
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console.log(val);
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}, function (err) {
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console.error(err.stack);
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});
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```
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### var fn = co.wrap(fn*)
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Convert a generator into a regular function that returns a `Promise`.
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```js
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var fn = co.wrap(function* (val) {
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return yield Promise.resolve(val);
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});
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fn(true).then(function (val) {
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});
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```
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## License
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MIT
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[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/co.svg?style=flat-square
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[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/co
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[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/tj/co.svg?style=flat-square
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[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/tj/co
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[coveralls-image]: https://img.shields.io/coveralls/tj/co.svg?style=flat-square
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[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/tj/co
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[downloads-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/dm/co.svg?style=flat-square
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[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/co
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[gitter-image]: https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg
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[gitter-url]: https://gitter.im/tj/co?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge
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