mirror of
https://gitea.com/actions/appleboy-ssh-action.git
synced 2024-11-25 11:39:36 +01:00
docs(lang): README.zh-cn Document (#332)
* feat: add README.zh-cn Document * feat: add zh-cn superlink
This commit is contained in:
parent
b4a07ca594
commit
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2 changed files with 394 additions and 0 deletions
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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
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# 🚀 SSH for GitHub Actions
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# 🚀 SSH for GitHub Actions
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[繁體中文](./README.zh-tw.md)
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[繁體中文](./README.zh-tw.md)
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[简体中文](./README.zh-cn.md)
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[GitHub Action](https://github.com/features/actions) for executing remote ssh commands.
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[GitHub Action](https://github.com/features/actions) for executing remote ssh commands.
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|
393
README.zh-cn.md
Normal file
393
README.zh-cn.md
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
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# 🚀 用于 GitHub Actions 的 SSH
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[GitHub Action](https://github.com/features/actions) 用于执行远程 SSH 命令。
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![ssh workflow](./images/ssh-workflow.png)
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[![Actions Status](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/workflows/remote%20ssh%20command/badge.svg)](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/actions)
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||||||
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**注意**: 只支持在 **Linux** [docker](https://www.docker.com/) 容器上执行。
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## 输入变量
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更详细的信息,请参考 [action.yml](./action.yml)。
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* `host` - SSH 主机
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* `port` - SSH 连接端口,默认为 `22`
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* `username` - SSH 用户名称
|
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|
* `password` - SSH 密码
|
||||||
|
* `passphrase` - 通常用于加密私钥的 passphrase
|
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* `sync` - 同步执行多个主机上的命令,默认为 false
|
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* `timeout` - SSH 连接到远程主机的超时时间,默认为 `30s`
|
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* `command_timeout` - SSH 命令超时时间,默认为 10m
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* `key` - SSH 私钥的内容,例如 ~/.ssh/id_rsa 的原始内容,请记得包含 BEGIN 和 END 行
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* `key_path` - SSH 私钥的路径
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* `fingerprint` - 主机公钥的 SHA256 指纹,默认为跳过验证
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* `script` - 执行命令
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* `script_stop` - 当出现第一个错误时停止执行命令
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* `envs` - 传递环境变量到 shell script
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* `debug` - 启用调试模式
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* `use_insecure_cipher` - 使用不安全的密码(ciphers)进行加密,详见 [#56](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/issues/56)
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|
* `cipher` - 允许使用的密码(ciphers)算法。如果未指定,则使用适当的算法
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SSH 代理设置:
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* `proxy_host` - 代理主机
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* `proxy_port` - 代理端口,默认为 `22`
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* `proxy_username` - 代理用户名
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* `proxy_password` - 代理密码
|
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* `proxy_passphrase` - 密码通常用于加密私有密钥
|
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* `proxy_timeout` - SSH 连接至代理主机的超时时间,默认为 `30s`
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* `proxy_key` - SSH 代理私有密钥内容
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* `proxy_key_path` - SSH 代理私有密钥路径
|
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|
* `proxy_fingerprint` - 代理主机公钥的 SHA256 指纹,默认为跳过验证
|
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|
* `proxy_use_insecure_cipher` - 使用不安全的加密方式,详见 [#56](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/issues/56)
|
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|
* `proxy_cipher` - 允许的加密算法。如果未指定,则使用合理的算法
|
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|
|
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|
## 使用方法
|
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执行远程 SSH 命令
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|
```yaml
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name: remote ssh command
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|
on: [push]
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|
jobs:
|
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|
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|
build:
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|
name: Build
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|
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
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|
steps:
|
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|
- name: executing remote ssh commands using password
|
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
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with:
|
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|
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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|
password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
|
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|
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||||||
|
script: whoami
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|
```
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|
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|
画面输出
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|
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|
```sh
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|
======CMD======
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|
whoami
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|
======END======
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|
out: ***
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|
==============================================
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|
✅ Successfully executed commands to all host.
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|
==============================================
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|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 设置 SSH 密钥
|
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|
|
||||||
|
请在创建 SSH 密钥并使用 SSH 密钥时遵循以下步骤。最佳做法是在本地机器上创建 SSH 密钥而不是远程机器上。请使用 Github Secrets 中指定的用户名登录。生成 RSA 密钥:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 生成 RSA 密钥
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
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|
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C ”your_email@example.com“
|
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|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 生成 ed25519 密钥
|
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|
|
||||||
|
```bash
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C ”your_email@example.com“
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|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
将新生成的密钥添加到已授权的密钥中。详细了解已授权的密钥请点[此处](https://www.ssh.com/ssh/authorized_keys/)。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 将 RSA 密钥添加到已授权密钥中
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh b@B ’cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys‘
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 将 ed25519 密钥添加到已授权密钥中
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
cat .ssh/id_ed25519.pub | ssh b@B ’cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys‘
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
复制私钥内容,然后将其粘贴到 Github Secrets 中。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 复制 rsa 私钥内容
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 复制 ed25519 私钥内容
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
clip < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
有关无需密码登录 SSH 的详细信息,请[见该网站](http://www.linuxproblem.org/art_9.html)。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**来自读者的注意事项**: 根据您的 SSH 版本,您可能还需要进行以下更改:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* 将公钥放在 `.ssh/authorized_keys2` 中
|
||||||
|
* 将 `.ssh` 的权限更改为700
|
||||||
|
* 将 `.ssh/authorized_keys2` 的权限更改为640
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 如果你使用的是 OpenSSH
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果您正在使用 OpenSSH,并出现以下错误:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
ssh: handshake failed: ssh: unable to authenticate, attempted methods [none publickey]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
请确保您所选择的密钥算法得到支持。在 Ubuntu 20.04 或更高版本上,您必须明确允许使用 SSH-RSA 算法。请在 OpenSSH 守护进程文件中添加以下行(它可以是 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` 或 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/` 中的一个附加文件):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
CASignatureAlgorithms +ssh-rsa
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
或者,`Ed25519` 密钥在 OpenSSH 中默认被接受。如果需要,您可以使用它来替代 RSA。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C ”your_email@example.com“
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Example
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 使用密码执行远程 SSH 命令
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```yaml
|
||||||
|
- name: executing remote ssh commands using password
|
||||||
|
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
||||||
|
with:
|
||||||
|
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||||||
|
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
|
||||||
|
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||||||
|
script: whoami
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 使用私钥
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```yaml
|
||||||
|
- name: executing remote ssh commands using ssh key
|
||||||
|
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
||||||
|
with:
|
||||||
|
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||||||
|
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||||||
|
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||||||
|
script: whoami
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 多个命令
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```yaml
|
||||||
|
- name: multiple command
|
||||||
|
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
||||||
|
with:
|
||||||
|
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||||||
|
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||||||
|
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||||||
|
script: |
|
||||||
|
whoami
|
||||||
|
ls -al
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![result](./images/output-result.png)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 多台主机
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```diff
|
||||||
|
- name: multiple host
|
||||||
|
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
||||||
|
with:
|
||||||
|
- host: ”foo.com“
|
||||||
|
+ host: ”foo.com,bar.com“
|
||||||
|
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||||||
|
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||||||
|
script: |
|
||||||
|
whoami
|
||||||
|
ls -al
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 多个不同端口的主机
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```diff
|
||||||
|
- name: multiple host
|
||||||
|
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
||||||
|
with:
|
||||||
|
- host: ”foo.com“
|
||||||
|
+ host: ”foo.com:1234,bar.com:5678“
|
||||||
|
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||||||
|
script: |
|
||||||
|
whoami
|
||||||
|
ls -al
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 在多台主机上同步执行
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```diff
|
||||||
|
- name: multiple host
|
||||||
|
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
||||||
|
with:
|
||||||
|
host: ”foo.com,bar.com“
|
||||||
|
+ sync: true
|
||||||
|
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||||||
|
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||||||
|
script: |
|
||||||
|
whoami
|
||||||
|
ls -al
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 将环境变量传递到 Shell 脚本
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```diff
|
||||||
|
- name: pass environment
|
||||||
|
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
||||||
|
+ env:
|
||||||
|
+ FOO: ”BAR“
|
||||||
|
+ BAR: ”FOO“
|
||||||
|
+ SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
|
||||||
|
with:
|
||||||
|
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||||||
|
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||||||
|
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||||||
|
+ envs: FOO,BAR,SHA
|
||||||
|
script: |
|
||||||
|
echo ”I am $FOO“
|
||||||
|
echo ”I am $BAR“
|
||||||
|
echo ”sha: $SHA“
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
_在 `env` 对象中,您需要将每个环境变量作为字符串传递,传递 `Integer` 数据类型或任何其他类型可能会产生意外结果。_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 在第一次失败后停止脚本
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> ex: missing `abc` folder
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```diff
|
||||||
|
- name: stop script if command error
|
||||||
|
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
||||||
|
with:
|
||||||
|
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||||||
|
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||||||
|
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||||||
|
+ script_stop: true
|
||||||
|
script: |
|
||||||
|
mkdir abc/def
|
||||||
|
ls -al
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
画面输出:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```sh
|
||||||
|
======CMD======
|
||||||
|
mkdir abc/def
|
||||||
|
ls -al
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
======END======
|
||||||
|
2019/11/21 01:16:21 Process exited with status 1
|
||||||
|
err: mkdir: cannot create directory ‘abc/def’: No such file or directory
|
||||||
|
##[error]Docker run failed with exit code 1
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 如何使用 `ProxyCommand` 连接远程服务器?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
+———+ +-———+ +————+
|
||||||
|
| Laptop | <—> | Jumphost | <—> | FooServer |
|
||||||
|
+———+ +-———+ +————+
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在您的 `~/.ssh/config` 文件中,您会看到以下内容。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
Host Jumphost
|
||||||
|
HostName Jumphost
|
||||||
|
User ubuntu
|
||||||
|
Port 22
|
||||||
|
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/keys/jump_host.pem
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Host FooServer
|
||||||
|
HostName FooServer
|
||||||
|
User ubuntu
|
||||||
|
Port 22
|
||||||
|
ProxyCommand ssh -q -W %h:%p Jumphost
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 如何将其转换为 GitHubActions 的 YAML 格式?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```diff
|
||||||
|
- name: ssh proxy command
|
||||||
|
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
||||||
|
with:
|
||||||
|
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||||||
|
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||||||
|
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||||||
|
+ proxy_host: ${{ secrets.PROXY_HOST }}
|
||||||
|
+ proxy_username: ${{ secrets.PROXY_USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
+ proxy_key: ${{ secrets.PROXY_KEY }}
|
||||||
|
+ proxy_port: ${{ secrets.PROXY_PORT }}
|
||||||
|
script: |
|
||||||
|
mkdir abc/def
|
||||||
|
ls -al
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 如何保护私钥?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
密码短语通常用于加密私钥。这使得攻击者无法单独使用密钥文件。文件泄露可能来自备份或停用的硬件,黑客通常可以从受攻击系统中泄露文件。因此,保护私钥非常重要。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```diff
|
||||||
|
- name: ssh key passphrase
|
||||||
|
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
||||||
|
with:
|
||||||
|
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||||||
|
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||||||
|
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||||||
|
+ passphrase: ${{ secrets.PASSPHRASE }}
|
||||||
|
script: |
|
||||||
|
whoami
|
||||||
|
ls -al
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 使用主机指纹验证
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
设置 SSH 主机指纹验证可以帮助防止中间人攻击。在设置之前,运行以下命令以获取 SSH 主机指纹。请记得将 `ed25519` 替换为您适当的密钥类型(`rsa`、 `dsa`等),而 `example.com` 则替换为您的主机。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
现代 OpenSSH 版本中,需要提取的_默认密钥_类型是 `rsa`(从版本 5.1 开始)、`ecdsa`(从版本 6.0 开始)和 `ed25519`(从版本 6.7 开始)。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```sh
|
||||||
|
ssh example.com ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub | cut -d ’ ‘ -f2
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
现在您可以调整您的配置:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```diff
|
||||||
|
- name: ssh key passphrase
|
||||||
|
uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
|
||||||
|
with:
|
||||||
|
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
|
||||||
|
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
|
||||||
|
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
|
||||||
|
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
|
||||||
|
+ fingerprint: ${{ secrets.FINGERPRINT }}
|
||||||
|
script: |
|
||||||
|
whoami
|
||||||
|
ls -al
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 贡献
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们非常希望您为 `appleboy/ssh-action` 做出贡献,欢迎提交请求!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 授权方式
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本项目中的脚本和文档采用 [MIT](LICENSE) 许可证 发布。
|
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Reference in a new issue