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405 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
405 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 🚀 用于 GitHub Actions 的 SSH
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[GitHub Action](https://github.com/features/actions) 用于执行远程 SSH 命令。
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[](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/actions/workflows/main.yml)
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## 输入变量
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更详细的信息，请参考 [action.yml](./action.yml)。
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* `host` - SSH 主机
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* `port` - SSH 连接端口，默认为 `22`
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* `username` - SSH 用户名称
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* `password` - SSH 密码
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* `passphrase` - 通常用于加密私钥的 passphrase
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* `sync` - 同步执行多个主机上的命令，默认为 false
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* `timeout` - SSH 连接到远程主机的超时时间，默认为 `30s`
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* `command_timeout` - SSH 命令超时时间，默认为 10m
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* `key` - SSH 私钥的内容，例如 ~/.ssh/id_rsa 的原始内容，请记得包含 BEGIN 和 END 行
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* `key_path` - SSH 私钥的路径
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* `fingerprint` - 主机公钥的 SHA256 指纹，默认为跳过验证
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* `script` - 执行命令
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* `script_file` - 執行命令的文件
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* `script_stop` - 当出现第一个错误时停止执行命令
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* `envs` - 传递环境变量到 shell script
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* `debug` - 启用调试模式
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* `use_insecure_cipher` - 使用不安全的密码（ciphers）进行加密，详见 [#56](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/issues/56)
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* `cipher` - 允许使用的密码（ciphers）算法。如果未指定，则使用适当的算法
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SSH 代理设置：
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* `proxy_host` - 代理主机
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* `proxy_port` - 代理端口，默认为 `22`
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* `proxy_username` - 代理用户名
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* `proxy_password` - 代理密码
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* `proxy_passphrase` - 密码通常用于加密私有密钥
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* `proxy_timeout` - SSH 连接至代理主机的超时时间，默认为 `30s`
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* `proxy_key` - SSH 代理私有密钥内容
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* `proxy_key_path` - SSH 代理私有密钥路径
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* `proxy_fingerprint` - 代理主机公钥的 SHA256 指纹，默认为跳过验证
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* `proxy_use_insecure_cipher` - 使用不安全的加密方式，详见 [#56](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/issues/56)
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* `proxy_cipher` - 允许的加密算法。如果未指定，则使用合理的算法
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## 使用方法
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执行远程 SSH 命令
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```yaml
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name: remote ssh command
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on: [push]
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jobs:
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build:
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name: Build
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- name: executing remote ssh commands using password
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: whoami
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```
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画面输出
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```sh
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======CMD======
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whoami
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======END======
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out: ***
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===============================================
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✅ Successfully executed commands to all hosts.
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===============================================
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```
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### 设置 SSH 密钥
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请在创建 SSH 密钥并使用 SSH 密钥时遵循以下步骤。最佳做法是在本地机器上创建 SSH 密钥而不是远程机器上。请使用 Github Secrets 中指定的用户名登录。生成 RSA 密钥：
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### 生成 RSA 密钥
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C ”your_email@example.com“
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```
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### 生成 ed25519 密钥
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C ”your_email@example.com“
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```
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将新生成的密钥添加到已授权的密钥中。详细了解已授权的密钥请点[此处](https://www.ssh.com/ssh/authorized_keys/)。
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### 将 RSA 密钥添加到已授权密钥中
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```bash
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cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh b@B ’cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys‘
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```
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### 将 ed25519 密钥添加到已授权密钥中
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```bash
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cat .ssh/id_ed25519.pub | ssh b@B ’cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys‘
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```
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复制私钥内容，然后将其粘贴到 Github Secrets 中。
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### 复制 rsa 私钥内容
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```bash
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clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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```
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### 复制 ed25519 私钥内容
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```bash
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clip < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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```
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有关无需密码登录 SSH 的详细信息，请[见该网站](http://www.linuxproblem.org/art_9.html)。
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**来自读者的注意事项**： 根据您的 SSH 版本，您可能还需要进行以下更改：
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* 将公钥放在 `.ssh/authorized_keys2` 中
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* 将 `.ssh` 的权限更改为700
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* 将 `.ssh/authorized_keys2` 的权限更改为640
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### 如果你使用的是 OpenSSH
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如果您正在使用 OpenSSH，并出现以下错误：
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```bash
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ssh: handshake failed: ssh: unable to authenticate, attempted methods [none publickey]
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```
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请确保您所选择的密钥算法得到支持。在 Ubuntu 20.04 或更高版本上，您必须明确允许使用 SSH-RSA 算法。请在 OpenSSH 守护进程文件中添加以下行（它可以是 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` 或 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/` 中的一个附加文件）：
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```bash
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CASignatureAlgorithms +ssh-rsa
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```
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或者，`Ed25519` 密钥在 OpenSSH 中默认被接受。如果需要，您可以使用它来替代 RSA。
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C ”your_email@example.com“
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```
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### Example
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#### 使用密码执行远程 SSH 命令
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```yaml
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- name: executing remote ssh commands using password
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: whoami
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```
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#### 使用私钥
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```yaml
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- name: executing remote ssh commands using ssh key
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: whoami
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```
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#### 多个命令
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```yaml
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- name: multiple command
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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#### 多台主机
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```diff
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- name: multiple host
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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- host: ”foo.com“
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+ host: ”foo.com,bar.com“
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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#### Commands from a file
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```yaml
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- name: file commands
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script_path: scripts/script.sh
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```
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#### 多个不同端口的主机
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```diff
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- name: multiple host
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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- host: ”foo.com“
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+ host: ”foo.com:1234,bar.com:5678“
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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#### 在多台主机上同步执行
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```diff
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- name: multiple host
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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host: ”foo.com,bar.com“
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+ sync: true
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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#### 将环境变量传递到 Shell 脚本
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```diff
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- name: pass environment
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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+ env:
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+ FOO: ”BAR“
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+ BAR: ”FOO“
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+ SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ envs: FOO,BAR,SHA
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script: |
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echo ”I am $FOO“
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echo ”I am $BAR“
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echo ”sha: $SHA“
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```
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_在 `env` 对象中，您需要将每个环境变量作为字符串传递，传递 `Integer` 数据类型或任何其他类型可能会产生意外结果。_
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#### 在第一次失败后停止脚本
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> ex: missing `abc` folder
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```diff
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- name: stop script if command error
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ script_stop: true
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script: |
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mkdir abc/def
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ls -al
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```
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画面输出：
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```sh
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======CMD======
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mkdir abc/def
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ls -al
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======END======
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2019/11/21 01:16:21 Process exited with status 1
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err: mkdir: cannot create directory ‘abc/def’: No such file or directory
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##[error]Docker run failed with exit code 1
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```
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#### 如何使用 `ProxyCommand` 连接远程服务器？
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```bash
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+———+ +-———+ +————+
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| Laptop | <—> | Jumphost | <—> | FooServer |
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+———+ +-———+ +————+
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```
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在您的 `~/.ssh/config` 文件中，您会看到以下内容。
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```bash
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Host Jumphost
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HostName Jumphost
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User ubuntu
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Port 22
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IdentityFile ~/.ssh/keys/jump_host.pem
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Host FooServer
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HostName FooServer
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User ubuntu
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Port 22
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ProxyCommand ssh -q -W %h:%p Jumphost
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```
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#### 如何将其转换为 GitHubActions 的 YAML 格式？
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```diff
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- name: ssh proxy command
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ proxy_host: ${{ secrets.PROXY_HOST }}
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+ proxy_username: ${{ secrets.PROXY_USERNAME }}
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+ proxy_key: ${{ secrets.PROXY_KEY }}
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+ proxy_port: ${{ secrets.PROXY_PORT }}
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script: |
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mkdir abc/def
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ls -al
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```
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#### 如何保护私钥？
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密码短语通常用于加密私钥。这使得攻击者无法单独使用密钥文件。文件泄露可能来自备份或停用的硬件，黑客通常可以从受攻击系统中泄露文件。因此，保护私钥非常重要。
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```diff
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- name: ssh key passphrase
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ passphrase: ${{ secrets.PASSPHRASE }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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#### 使用主机指纹验证
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设置 SSH 主机指纹验证可以帮助防止中间人攻击。在设置之前，运行以下命令以获取 SSH 主机指纹。请记得将 `ed25519` 替换为您适当的密钥类型（`rsa`、 `dsa`等），而 `example.com` 则替换为您的主机。
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现代 OpenSSH 版本中，需要提取的_默认密钥_类型是 `rsa`（从版本 5.1 开始）、`ecdsa`（从版本 6.0 开始）和 `ed25519`（从版本 6.7 开始）。
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```sh
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ssh example.com ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub | cut -d ’ ‘ -f2
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```
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现在您可以调整您的配置：
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```diff
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- name: ssh key passphrase
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.2.0
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
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key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
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port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
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+ fingerprint: ${{ secrets.FINGERPRINT }}
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script: |
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whoami
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ls -al
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```
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## 贡献
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我们非常希望您为 `appleboy/ssh-action` 做出贡献，欢迎提交请求！
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## 授权方式
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本项目中的脚本和文档采用 [MIT](LICENSE) 许可证 发布。
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